ABSTRACT
The removal and defense mechanisms of the respiratory system of patients with pneumoconiosis are impaired. Once patients with pneumoconiosis and other underlying lung diseases are infected with novel coronavirus, they are likely to progress to severe cases with COVID-19, a tough condition with a high mortality and poor prognosis. Herein we presented a case of pneumoconiosis and tuberculosis complicated with severe COVID-19. Active administration of anti-viral, anti-infection, phlegm-removing, anti-asthmatic, and high-flow oxygen therapies did not alleviate the patient's acute respiratory distress syndrome symptoms. Then tracheal intubation, ventilator assisted breathing, and lung protective ventilation were given but did not effectively treat the patient's respiratory failure. Finally, the patient died clinically despite use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).Copyright © 2021, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The proper management of this cancer during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or similar outbreaks could be a serious challenge. Proper timing of surgery, radiotherapy, and other medical modalities are essential in providing the most effective treatment. Objective(s): This systematic review aimed at evaluating the proper management of prostate cancer during the COVID-19 outbreak. Method(s): This study was conducted from 2019 to 2022. An internet search was conducted using the keywords: Diagnosis, man-agement, radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, hormone ablation therapy, chemotherapy and prostate cancer, and COVID-19. The visited databases included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, and Scientific Information Database. The review was performed based on the preferred reporting items for a systematic review and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Result(s): Postponing the biopsy for up to three months and adopting of non-invasive diagnostic methods were likely reasonable during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients with cancer were more prone to severe injuries and were more likely to have serious compli-cations. Surgery, radiation therapy, brachytherapy, palliative radiation, hormone ablation therapy, and chemotherapy were among the pre-institutional treatments that had to be performed according to medical protocols as well as health and professional guide-lines. Conclusion(s): It was recommended that the prostate cancer screening should not be performed for asymptomatic men during the COVID-19 outbreak. It was also suggested that the treatment should be performed in the shortest possible time and in the safest way.Copyright © 2023, Author(s).
ABSTRACT
There are a lot of questions regarding the differentiation and diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases by a doctor of first contact. The article in the form of questions and answers presents a multidisciplinary discussion of a pediatrician and an ophthalmologist in relation to anatomical and physiological approaches to the formation of diagnoses, those conditions that are accompanied by the symptom of "red eye". The authors discuss algorithms for diagnosis, and modern approaches to the treatment of red eye syndrome. Clinical criteria for acute conjunctivitis of various etiology are presented. Considered modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of eye lesions using local antibacterial agents in various forms of releases, different combinations of active substances, including the drugs Floxanext, Tobrotsim-Next-Sombi and Tobrotsim-Next.Copyright © 2021, Professionalnye Izdaniya. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Objective. To study spectrum of pathogens and the time to colonization of respiratory samples in patients with severe and critical COVID-19 as well as to analyze incidence of nosocomial infections and structure of prescribed antibacterial drugs. Materials and methods. The prospective observational study included patients aged 18 years and older with confirmed severe and critical COVID-19 from December 2021 to February 2022. During the first 48 hours and then every 2-3 days of hospitalization, a respiratory sample was collected: sputum, tracheal aspirate (if intubated), bronchoalveolar lavage (if bronchoscopy was performed) for microscopy and microbiological examination. Some patients were screened for invasive aspergillosis. Clinical and demographic data, comorbidities, pathogenetic therapy for COVID-19, antibiotic therapy, cases of probable/documented bacterial nosocomial infections, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and hospital treatment outcomes were recorded. Results. A total of 82 patients were included in this study. Patients with lung parenchyma involvement of more than 50% by computer tomography predominated;most of them (77%) required intubation and mechanical ventilation due to progression of respiratory failure, and 76% of patients had a lethal outcome. During the first 48 hours, a respiratory sample was obtained from 47 patients;the rest of the patients presented with non-productive cough. No growth of microorganisms was detected in 31 (36.8%) cases;clinically significant pathogens were detected in 16 (19.5%) patients. A subsequent analysis included data from 63 patients with a sufficient number of samples for dynamic observation were used. During the first 3 days of ICU stay, the most common bacterial pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae without acquired antibiotic resistance and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. From 3rd day and afterwards, an increase in the proportion of Acinetobacter baumannii, other non-fermenting bacteria, and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales was noted. Among the pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infections, A. baumannii and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae were predominant pathogens and accounted for 76% of cases. Positive galactomannan test results were obtained in 4 cases. Conclusions. The study confirmed importance of bacterial nosocomial infections in patients with severe and critical COVID-19. In the case of the development of nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections, empirical antimicrobial therapy should take into account the predominance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteria and A. baumannii, as well as the possibility of invasive aspergillosis.Copyright © 2022, Interregional Association for Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted patient and safety issues globally, with special reference to device-associated infection in critical care patients. Objective(s): To describe the incidence of device-associated infections, non-device-associated respiratory tract infections (RTIs), and antimicrobial use in critical COVID-19 patients during the first six months of the pandemic. Method(s): An observational study was conducted in an intensive care unit of a COVID-19-dedicated facility in Western Qatar from April 1 to September 30, 2020. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) were confirmed using the CDC definitions as per the corporate infection control program, except for other RTIs. Antimicrobial consumption was registered as days of therapy. Result(s): During the study period, 30 patients (10.9%) with HAIs were reported from 275 patients admitted. Patients with HAI had a higher median Charlson index, hospital stay, mortality, and APACHE II score on admission. The use of devices (central and peripheral lines, urinary catheters, and ventilators) was more frequent in patients with HAI. The RTI (16 cases) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (10 cases) were the most frequent localizations. The infection rate for device-associated infections was 7.84, 3.23, and 2.75 per 1000 device days for VAP, central line-associated bloodstream infection, and catheter-associated urinary tract infection, respectively. 49 isolates related to HAI were identified, with 20 isolates being multidrug-resistant organisms (40.8%). A longer duration of antibiotic therapy was observed in HAI patients (34.1 days versus 9.39 days). Conclusion(s): The study provides evidence of the impact of COVID-19 on the incidence of device-associated infections in critically ill patients, antibiotics consumption, and antimicrobial resistance.Copyright © 2022 Garcell, Jimenez, de la Nuez Jimenez, Rivera, Abdi licensee HBKU Press.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Describe the sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic aspects of the patients received for an emergency, during this period of pandemic, in a service of reference the service of odontostomatology General Hospital Grand Yoff of Dakar. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study over a threemonth period from March 3 to June 3, 2020. Referred and non-referred patients received for odontostomatological emergencies were included in the study. The data collected were entered in Excel and analyzed using SPSS20.0 software with Chi2 tests performed between certain variables with a significance level set at 0.05. Result(s): Non-referred patients represented 64.9% (n = 131) of the study population and referred patients 35.1% (n = 71). Emergencies were infectious in 74.7% (n = 151) of cases and traumatic in 14.3% (n = 29). Acute apical periodontitis was encountered in 44.6% (n = 90), cellulitis in 16.4% (n = 33) and pulpitis in 9.4% (n = 19) of cases. Therapeutic attitudes were dominated by dental avulsion in 56.4% (n = 114) of cases, pulp sedation in 9.4% (n = 19) of cases and mono-maxillary restraint in 8.4% (n = 17) of cases. Conclusion(s): Despite the risk of contamination and possible dissemination of the covid19 virus, the continuity of oral care must be ensured because of the emergencies that can jeopardize the functional or even vital prognosis of patients. Certain recautions must therefore be taken at the level of the structures of care of these affections.Copyright © 2021